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The European Journal of Orthodontics Advance Access published online on October 28, 2008
The European Journal of Orthodontics, doi:10.1093/ejo/cjn058
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

A study of the frictional characteristics of four commercially available self-ligating bracket systems

Steven Budd*, John Daskalogiannakis** and Bryan D. Tompson**

* Private practice, Langley, British Columbia
** Department of Orthodontics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Address for correspondenceDr John Daskalogiannakis, Department of Orthodontics, University of Toronto, 124 Edward StreetToronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1G6, E-mail: john.daskalogiannakis{at}utoronto.ca


  Abstract

The objective of this investigation was to assess and compare the in vitro tribological behaviour of four commercially available self-ligating bracket systems. The frictional characteristics of the Damon3TM, SpeedTM, In-Ovation RTM, and Time2TM bracket systems were studied using a jig that mimics the three-dimensional movements that occur during sliding mechanics. Each bracket system was tested on the following stainless steel archwires: 0.016 x 0.022, 0.019 x 0.025, 0.020 round, and 0.021 x 0.021 inch SpeedTM D-wire. An Instron testing machine with a 50 N load cell was used to measure the frictional resistance for each bracket/tooth assembly. The crosshead speed was set at a constant rate of 1 mm/minute, and each typodont tooth was moved along a fixed wire segment for a distance of 8 mm. Descriptive statistical analysis for each bracket/archwire combination with regard to frictional resistance was performed with a two-way, balanced analysis of variance for bracket type and wire size.

The Damon3TM bracket consistently demonstrated the lowest frictional resistance to sliding, while the SpeedTM bracket produced significantly (P < 0.001) more frictional resistance than the other brackets tested for any given archwire.

The self-ligation design (passive versus active) appears to be the primary variable responsible for the frictional resistance generated by self-ligating brackets during translation. Passively ligated brackets produce less frictional resistance; however, this decreased friction may result in decreased control compared with actively ligated systems.


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