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The European Journal of Orthodontics Advance Access published online on December 15, 2008
The European Journal of Orthodontics, doi:10.1093/ejo/cjn072
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Pain intensity during the first 7 days following the application of light and heavy continuous forces

Mikinori Ogura*, Hiroki Kamimura**, Abdullah Al-Kalaly***, Kunihiro Nagayama**, Koji Taira**, Junko Nagata** and Shouichi Miyawaki**

* Division of Orthodontics, Maxillofacial Unit, Oita Oka Hospital
** Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan
*** Department of Orthodontics, University of Hong Kong, SAR China

Address for correspondence Professor Shouichi Miyawaki, Department of Orthodontics, Field of Developmental Medicine, Health Research Course, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan, E-mail: miyawaki{at}denta.hal.kagoshima-u.ac.jp


  Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether a force of 20 cN can be biologically active for tooth movement and to examine the pain intensity during the application of light (20 cN) or heavy (200 cN) continuous forces for 7 days.

In the first experiment, a force of 20 cN was applied to eight canines in five volunteers. The mean tooth movement during 10 weeks was 2.4 mm. In the second experiment, two forces of 20 or 200 cN were applied to maxillary premolars in 12 male subjects (aged 24–31 years) to measure pain intensity for 7 days. Spontaneous and biting pain were recorded every 2–4 hours on a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for statistical analysis.

Comparing the VAS score at force initiation with the other time points, there was no significant difference in spontaneous pain for either group, or in biting pain for the light-force group. However, biting pain in the heavy-force group during the time period from 6 to 156 hours was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than that at force initiation. Comparing the VAS scores between the light- and heavy-force group, VAS scores for biting pain in the heavy-force group during the time period from 8 to 100 hours was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than that in the light-force group.

A force of 20 cN can move teeth, but pain intensity while biting may be greater approximately 8 hours to 5 days following the application of heavy continuous force compared with light force.


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