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The European Journal of Orthodontics Advance Access originally published online on December 5, 2008
The European Journal of Orthodontics 2009 31(2):150-155; doi:10.1093/ejo/cjn081
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Häävikko's method to assess dental age in Italian children

Andrea Carlo Butti*, Alberto Clivio*, Monica Ferraroni**, Elena Spada***, Alberto Testa* and Antonino Salvato*

* School of Orthodontics, Istituto Stomatologico Italiano
** Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Unit of Medical Statistics
*** Institute of Medical Statistics and Biometry "Giulio A. Maccacaro", University of Milan, Italy

Address for correspondence Andrea Carlo Butti, Istituto Stomatologico Italiano, Reparto Università, Via Pace 21, 20122 Milano, Italy, E-mail: acbutti{at}gmail.com


  Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine if Häävikko's maturation standards are applicable to Italian children. The sample included 500 healthy Caucasian children 3.9–15.4 years of age: 267 girls [mean age 9.6 years, standard deviation (SD) 2.1] and 233 boys (mean age 9.9 years, SD 2.1), living in Italy. All dental ages were assessed from panoramic films by one examiner using Häävikko's method. A second examiner independently scored 48 panoramic films to evaluate the reproducibility of the dental age measurements.

A good correlation (0.95) was found, as shown by Cohen's kappa. To evaluate the relationship between dental age estimated by Häävikko's standards and the chronological age of the Italian sample, Bland and Altman's graphical method was employed. Moreover, centiles of dental age were constructed both for girls and boys using the LMS (L = skewness, M = median, S = coefficient of variation) method of Cole and Green.

It was found that Häävikko's standards tended to underestimate chronological age in this Italian sample. Dental maturation standards as described by Häävikko do not appear suitable for Italian children; instead, centile curves constructed for girls and boys using the LMS method could be used for the estimation of dental age in the Italian population.


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