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The European Journal of Orthodontics 1996 18(1):215-225; doi:10.1093/ejo/18.1.215
© 1996 by European Orthodontic Society
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Craniofacial morphology in young patients with Turner syndrome

Marit Midtbø*,, Per Johan Wisth* and Agnar Halse**

*Departments of Orthodontics and Facial Orthopedics, University of Bergen Norway
**Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of Bergen Norway

Address for correspondence Dr. Marit MidtbØ, Department of Orthodontics and Facial Orthopedics, School of Dentistry, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 17, N-5009 Bergen, Norway

The craniofacial morphology of 33 Turner syndrome patients, aged 7–16.7 years, was evaluated by standard cephalometric methods. The sample was subdivided according to karyotype and 72 normal girls aged 7.1–16.1 years served as controls. The size of the calvarium and face was generally smaller in the Turner group than in the controls. The morphology was characterized by a flattened cranial base angle, a marked reduction in posterior cranial base length, facial retrognathisam and short and posteriorly rotated jaws. The same morphological pattern was found in all the karyotypes, but the deviations were most pronounced in monosomy × (45X) patients. The results indicate that a deviating pattern of craniofacial size and morphology has already been established in childhood. It is suggested that the deviations originate in the fetal period, when the primary cartilages form the craniofacial skeleton.


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